The main difference between bookkeeping and accounting is each role’s focus. Bookkeepers handle the day-to-day recording and organization of financial transactions. Accountants take a more holistic approach, analyzing, interpreting, and reporting on financial data—often in the name of providing strategic advice.
Although accounting and bookkeeping seem to go hand in hand, they’re not as similar as some may think. This guide will cover the finer points of the two professions. We’ll define each role, explore the differences between bookkeeping and accounting, and discuss what it takes to pursue positions in either field.
Main differences between bookkeeping and accounting job functions
The primary functions of bookkeeping
Bookkeeping is the foundation of any healthy financial system, whether for a small business or a large corporation. It’s the meticulous recording of all financial transactions a company makes. A bookkeeper’s day-to-day tasks might include:
- Recording business transactions
- Managing invoices from vendors and contractors
- Handling employee payroll
- Ensuring company bills and expenses are paid on time
- Monitoring invoice accounts and budgets for errors
Bookkeeping involves ensuring businesses properly categorize and meticulously record every deposit and withdrawal. This ongoing process offers a clear picture of a company’s financial health at any given time. It also provides concrete data on whether you’re making a profit, where you can save money, and whether you have enough cash flow to keep the business running smoothly.
The primary functions of accounting
Accounting builds upon the foundation bookkeeping sets. Accountants take raw bookkeeping data and turn it into actionable insights that drive decision-making.
Accountants’ duties may include:
- Analyzing financial information recorded by the bookkeeper
- Preparing financial statements (income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statements)
- Analyzing these statements to identify trends and predict business growth opportunities and challenges
Those with accounting and certified public accountant (CPA) jobs assist various stakeholders who rely on financial statements to make data-driven decisions. Investors might use them to assess the risk of investing in a company. Management teams rely on them to make strategic decisions about resource allocation and budgeting. And regulatory bodies may use them to ensure companies comply with financial reporting standards. Some accounting duties may require you to pass the CPA exam.
Bookkeeping vs. accounting: Key differences
While the primary difference between bookkeeping and accounting is their focus (bookkeeping is more day-to-day, while accounting is more holistic), there are other, more subtle differences. Each requires different education, credentials, and skills—and that means different job opportunities and salary potential for each role.
Education
Bookkeeping
Becoming a bookkeeper typically requires an associate’s degree in accounting or a specific bookkeeping certificate. Some bookkeepers may have a bachelor’s degree in accounting, but it’s not always necessary.
Accounting
Accountants usually need at least a bachelor’s degree in accounting or a related field, such as finance. Some accounting positions may require a master’s degree (e.g., Master of Accounting or Master of Business Administration).
Credentials
Bookkeeping
Certification is not always mandatory but can enhance your resume and demonstrate expertise. Common certifications include Certified Bookkeeper (CB) or QuickBooks ProAdvisor. Additionally, Intuit Academy offers courses that teach the basics of bookkeeping, and successful test-takers may use their badge and certificates for education and career advancement.
Accounting
Certification is highly encouraged and can significantly impact career advancement and earning potential. The most sought-after credential is the CPA license, which is necessary for any accountant who files reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Other commonly sought credentials include the Certified Management Accountant (CMA) or Chartered Global Management Accountant (CGMA) designations.
Skills and duties
Bookkeeping
- Data entry and accuracy: Bookkeepers are masters of accuracy, making sure all financial transactions are recorded correctly and consistently. This involves strong data entry skills and a keen eye for detail.
- Software proficiency: Proficiency in bookkeeping software like QuickBooks is essential.
- Account management: They manage accounts payable and receivable, process invoices, reconcile accounts, and ensure timely payments and collections.
- Payroll processing: Bookkeepers may handle payroll functions, calculating salaries, deductions, and taxes.
- Basic financial reporting: They generate basic financial reports, such as income statements and balance sheets, summarizing financial activity for a specific period.
- Communication: Bookkeepers may communicate with vendors, clients, and internal teams regarding financial matters.
Accounting
- Financial analysis: Accountants analyze financial data to assess a company’s financial health, profitability, and performance. They identify trends, potential risks, and growth opportunities.
- Financial statement preparation: Accountants prepare financial statements like income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statements. Part of that is ensuring they adhere to the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) or International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)—comprehensive sets of accounting rules and standards used to prepare, present, and report financial statements.
- Tax preparation and compliance: Some accountants specialize in tax preparation, ensuring companies and individuals comply with federal, state, and local tax regulations.
- Internal controls and auditing: They may implement internal controls to safeguard company assets and ensure the accuracy of financial records. Some accountants specialize in auditing and evaluating a company’s financial statements for accuracy and adherence to accounting standards.
- Financial modeling and forecasting: Accountants may use financial modeling techniques to forecast future financial performance and assess the impact of business decisions.
- Communication and reporting: Accountants communicate complex financial information to various stakeholders, including management, investors, and regulatory bodies.
Job opportunities and salaries
Bookkeeping
- Salary range: The average salary for bookkeepers varies depending on experience, location, and industry. According to recent pay data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), bookkeepers make between $32,460 and $68,860 annually. The median pay is $47,440.
- Job opportunities: Bookkeeping positions are abundant across various industries, with high demand among small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs), nonprofit organizations, and health care providers. Many bookkeeping roles offer flexible work arrangements, such as remote work options.
Accounting
- Salary range: Accounting careers offer the potential for significantly higher salaries than bookkeeping. According to the BLS, accountants earn between $50,440 and $137,280, with the median pay coming in at $79,880.
- Job opportunities: Accounting professionals are in demand across diverse industries, including public accounting firms, corporations of all sizes, government agencies, and nonprofit organizations. Accountants can specialize in various areas, such as tax, auditing, forensic accounting, or financial management.
Looking for an accounting or bookkeeping job?
Whether you’re interested in a career as an accountant, becoming a bookkeeper, or just want to understand your business finances better, knowing where bookkeeping ends and accounting begins can give you a real edge.
At Intuit, we’re always looking for talented people. If you’re searching for a tax or bookkeeping job, explore the options below or join our Talent Community to stay up to date on future job opportunities.
Tax jobs
- Tax Associate (Remote/Seasonal)
- Credentialed Tax Expert (Remote/Seasonal)
- Business Tax Associate (Remote/Seasonal)
- Business Tax Expert (Remote/Seasonal)
Bookkeeping jobs
- QuickBooks Live Bookkeeping Expert (Remote/Year-round)
- QuickBooks Live Sr. Associate (Remote/Year-round)
This in-depth look at bookkeeping vs. accounting is part of our complete guide on career paths as a tax preparer. Browse the articles in this series to get a full picture of where a degree and career in accounting can take you.